1. Isimiso nezici zobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla
Idivayisi yokugcina amandla eyakhiwe izingxenye zesitoreji samandla kanye nedivayisi yokufinyelela kugridi yamandla eyakhiwe ngezinto ezisebenza ngogesi ezinamandla ziba izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu zesistimu yokugcina amandla.Idivayisi yokugcina amandla ibalulekile ukuze uthole ukugcinwa kwamandla, ukukhulula noma ukushintshanisa amandla okusheshayo.Idivayisi yokufinyelela kugridi yamandla ibona ukudluliswa kwamandla okubili kanye nokuguqulwa phakathi kwedivayisi yokugcina amandla kanye negridi yamandla, futhi ibona imisebenzi yokulawula ukuphakama kwamandla, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla, ukwethembeka kokunikezwa kwamandla nokuzinza kwesistimu yamandla.
Uhlelo lokugcina amandla lunomthamo obanzi, kusukela kumashumi ama-kilowatts kuya kumakhulu ama-megawatts;Isikhathi sokukhipha sikhulu, kusuka ku-millisecond kuya kwehora;Ububanzi bezicelo ezibanzi, kuwo wonke amandla okukhiqiza, ukudluliswa, ukusatshalaliswa, uhlelo lukagesi;Ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla amakhulu kuyaqala, okuyisihloko esisha sha kanye nenkundla yocwaningo olushisayo ekhaya naphesheya.
2. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokugcina amandla
Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokugcina amandla buhlanganisa ukugcinwa kwamandla okuphathekayo (njengokugcina amandla ampontshiwe, isitoreji samandla omoya acindezelwe, isitoreji samandla e-flywheel, njll.), ukugcinwa kwamandla kwamakhemikhali (njengazo zonke izinhlobo zamabhethri, amabhethri kaphethiloli avuselelekayo, ukugeleza koketshezi. amabhethri, ama-supercapacitor, njll.) kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kazibuthe kagesi (njenge-superconducting electromagnetic energy storage, njll.).
I-1) Isitoreji samandla esivuthwe kakhulu nesisetshenziswa kakhulu ngokomzimba isitoreji esimpontshwa, esibalulekile ekulawuleni okuphezulu, ukugcwaliswa okusanhlamvu, ukuguqulwa kwemvamisa, ukulawulwa kwesigaba kanye nokugcinwa kwesimo esiphuthumayo sohlelo lwamandla.Isikhathi sokukhishwa kwesitoreji esimpontshelwe singasuka emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla kuphakathi kuka-70% kuya ku-85%.Isikhathi sokwakhiwa kwesiteshi sikagesi esimpontshwayo side futhi sinqunyelwe indawo.Uma isiteshi sikagesi sikude nendawo yokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukulahleka kokudlulisela kukhulu.Ukugcinwa kwamandla omoya acindezelwe kusetshenziswe kusukela ngo-1978, kodwa akuzange kukhuthazwe kabanzi ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwendawo kanye nezimo zejoloji.Isitoreji samandla e-Flywheel sisebenzisa injini ukushayela i-flywheel ukuze ijikeleze ngesivinini esikhulu, eguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla emishini futhi awagcine.Uma kudingekile, i-flywheel ishayela i-generator ukuze ikhiqize ugesi.Isitoreji samandla e-Flywheel sibonakala ngokuphila isikhathi eside, akukho ukungcola, ukunakekelwa okuncane, kodwa ukuminyana kwamandla aphansi, angasetshenziswa njengesengezo ohlelweni lwebhethri.
2) Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokugcina amandla amakhemikhali, ezinamazinga ahlukene okuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye namathemba okusebenza:
(1) Ukugcinwa kwamandla ebhethri kuwubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla obuvuthwe kakhulu nobuthembeke kakhulu njengamanje.Ngokusho kwamakhemikhali ahlukene asetshenziswayo, ingahlukaniswa ngebhethri le-lead-acid, ibhethri ye-nickel-cadmium, ibhethri ye-nickel-metal hydride, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, ibhethri yesulfure ye-sodium, njll. Ibhethri ye-lead-acid inobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, ingaba zenziwe zibe isistimu yokugcina izinto eziningi, futhi izindleko zeyunithi yamandla kanye nezindleko zesistimu ziphansi, ziphephile futhi zithembekile futhi ukusetshenziswa kabusha kuhle ukulinda isici, okwamanje kuwuhlelo olusebenza kakhulu lokugcina amandla, bekulokhu kumandla amancane omoya, amasistimu okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic , kanye nezincane nezimaphakathi ohlelweni lwesizukulwane esisabalalisiwe zisetshenziswa kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi umthofu uwukungcola kwensimbi esindayo, amabhethri e-lead-acid awawona ikusasa.Amabhethri athuthukile afana namabhethri e-lithium-ion, i-sodium-sulfur kanye ne-nickel-metal hydride anezindleko eziphezulu, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla amakhulu abuvuthwa.Ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokugcina amandla okwamanje, futhi umnotho awukwazi ukuthengiswa.
(2) Ibhethri lamandla kaphethiloli avuselelekayo asezingeni elikhulu linotshalomali oluphezulu, intengo ephezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa komjikelezo ophansi, ngakho alifanele ukusetshenziswa njengohlelo lokugcina amandla okuhweba okwamanje.
(3) Ibhethri eligcina amandla okugeleza okuwuketshezi linezinzuzo zokuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi, izindleko eziphansi zokusebenza kanye nokuligcina lisesimweni esihle, futhi lingobunye bobuchwepheshe bokugcinwa kwamandla kanye nokulawula ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi asebenza kahle futhi amakhulu axhunywe kugridi.Ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla okugeleza kwamanzi busetshenziswe emazweni anjenge-USA, Germany, Japan kanye ne-UK, kodwa kusesesigabeni socwaningo nentuthuko e-China.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-17-2022
